Van de Graaf devised this construction to show how Gutenberg and others may have divided their page to achieve margins of one-ninth and two-ninths and a type area in the same proportions as the page.
Grids form the basis of publication or documents, to split up a grid you need to use columns, gutters and margins. these things all dictate how a page works.
Columns often form a basis for where the type will sit in a page, a general rule with columns is that the more you have the greater layout possibilities. Gutters refer to the margins between the columns, this will dictate how close your margins will be laid out
Here I have demonstrated 5 columns with a gutter of 2p0 between them. The margin on this page is where the columns end in the purple box, these can be adjusted depending on that sort of publication you are producing. The bleed which can be seen on this example is a box outside of the actual page, this helps when printing with colour so you dont get any white borders where the ink may not have covered.
Rulers are added to documents to help ensure aspects of the page are lined up they are seen here in the blue lines. The boxes with the crosses help determine layout so images can be placed easily.
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